El crecimiento de las aplicaciones inalámbricas plantea nuevos desafíos a los futuros sistemas de comunicación, como el uso ineficiente del espectro radioeléctrico. Las redes de radio cognitiva surgen como una solución a los problemas de escasez de espectro y uso ineficiente del recurso espectral, mediante el acceso dinámico al espectro. Estas redes están caracterizadas por percibir, aprender, planificar (toma de decisiones) y actuar de acuerdo con las condiciones actuales de la red. El objetivo general de una red de radio cognitiva consiste en que el usuario secundario acceda de manera oportuna a un canal de frecuencia disponible en una banda licenciada, sin generar interferencia al usuario primario, lo cual se puede lograr con una adecuada toma de decisión espectral.

La probabilidad de que dos o más usuarios secundarios elijan el mismo canal es alta, especialmente cuando el número de usuarios secundarios es mayor que el número de canales disponibles, y cuantos más usuarios secundarios seleccionen el mismo canal, menor será la utilidad que cada uno pueda obtener y el número de interferencias por acceso simultáneo será mayor.

El desafío consiste entonces en dotar los nodos de una red descentralizada con la capacidad de aprender del entorno, proponiendo estrategias que les permita a los usuarios secundarios tomar decisiones e intercambiar información de forma cooperativa o competitiva, en un ambiente de acceso multiusuario al espectro. Asimismo, este libro busca resolver la pregunta: ¿cómo y en qué medida se puede reducir la tasa de handoff espectral en redes de radio cognitiva descentralizadas con un enfoque multiusuario y colaborativo?

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