Aktuelle Änderung der Rechtsprechung

Der Verfasser erörtert die aktuelle Fragestellung der Abzugsfähigkeit sogenannter nachträglicher Schuldzinsen bei den Überschusseinkunftsarten. Nachträgliche Schuldzinsen stehen im Spannungsverhältnis der Abgrenzung zwischen der steuerlich relevanten Erwerbssphäre und der steuerlich irrelevanten privaten Vermögenssphäre. Die Untersuchung nimmt insbesondere die Rechtsprechungsänderungen des VIII. Senats des Bundesfinanzhofs vom 16.03.2010 für Kapitaleinkünfte, § 20 EStG, sowie des IX. Senats vom 20.06.2012 und 08.04.2014 für Einkünfte aus Vermietung und Verpachtung, § 21 EStG, in den Blick. Diese Entscheidungen brachen mit der jahrzehntelangen Judikatur, wonach Schuldzinsen, die nach der Beendigung der Einkünfteerzielung anfallen, nicht als Werbungskosten nach § 9 Abs. 1 Satz 3 Nr. 1 EStG qualifiziert werden können.

Zahlreiche Fragen offen

In Folge dieser Entscheidungen sind zahlreiche Fragen ungeklärt, die erhebliche Risiken für Steuerpflichtige bedeuten. Der Verfasser untersucht daher die dogmatischen Grundlagen des Schuldzinsabzugs bei den Überschusseinkünften und gibt hierauf aufbauend Lösungsvorschläge für offene Fragen. Insbesondere setzt er sich kritisch mit den Begründungsansätzen des Bundesfinanzhofs auseinander: dem Paradigmenwechsel der Besteuerung von Überschusseinkünften durch Gesetzesänderungen sowie dem Surrogationsgedanken. Zudem wird die Auffassung der Finanzverwaltung nachgezeichnet.

Ausgehend von einer genauen Analyse des Veranlassungszusammenhangs kommt die Untersuchung zu dem Ergebnis, dass eine weitgehende Abzugsfähigkeit nachträglicher Schuldzinsen geboten ist. Weiter erfolgt u.a. eine umfassende Auseinandersetzung mit der Zuordnung der Werbungskosten zur jeweiligen Einkunftsart sowie eine Einordnung in zeitlicher Hinsicht, die für die Kapitaleinkünfte wegen des mit der Abgeltungsteuer eingeführten Abzugsverbots des § 20 Abs. 9 EStG von Bedeutung ist.

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