Die Tanzwut (italienisch: «tarantismo») ist ein historisch-religiöses Phänomen, das bis vor wenigen Jahrzehnten hauptsächlich in kleinen Dörfern Süditaliens vorkam.

Es geht auf das griechische Zeitalter zurück. Berichten zufolge wurden einige Tagelöhnerinnen in der Sommersaison auf den Tabakfeldern von einer Spinne, der sogenannten Vogelspinne, gebissen. Der Biss verursachte eine Reihe von Symptomen, wie beispielsweise einen Zustand psychischer und körperlicher Abwesenheit, Appetitlosigkeit und sexuellen Verlangens. Es handelt sich somit um eine Art physischer Katalexie.

Einige Dorfbewohner hielten diese Frauen für geistig gestört. Die sogenannten «Tarantate» oder «Pizzicate», auf Deutsch die «Gebissenen» genannt, waren arme junge Bäuerinnen, die in verlassenen Landhäusern ohne Licht und Toiletten lebten, von den Männern ihrer Familien gedemütigt wurden und ein Leben voller Arbeit und sozialer, emotionaler und sexueller Einschränkungen führten. Um den 29. Juli, das Fest des Heiligen Beschützers, Sankt Paulus, zeigten die Frauen eine unerwartete körperliche Vitalität. Sie wurden aggressiv, legten erotische Haltungen an den Tag und bewegten sich wie Spinnen, indem sie auf Möbel kletterten oder am Boden herumkrabbelten. Einige Musikanten besuchten sie in ihren armseligen Häusern, um ein musikalisches Ritual durchzuführen. Dann wurden sie zur Kirche des Heiligen Paulus nach Galatina geführt.

Dann zeigten andere Frauen dieselben Symptome, obwohl sie nicht auf den Tabakfeldern arbeiteten und daher nicht von der Vogelspinne gebissen worden waren. Mit anderen Worten lehnten sich diese Frauen gegen ihren Zustand existenzieller Armut auf, in dem ihnen alles, auch Zuneigung und Sexualität, vorenthalten wurden.

Die folgende Erzählung berichtet von einer «Tarantata», die in den 1960er Jahren des italienischen Wirtschaftswachstums immer noch anachronistische Verhaltensweisen an den Tag legt, die von der Kirche und auch von der Medizin nicht länger toleriert werden.

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