Prezentujemy Państwu czwarty tom z serii Z dziejów prawa, tym razem poświęcony prawu zobowiązań. Dwadzieścia dwa artykuły zostały nadesłane z kilkunastu ośrodków uniwersyteckich Polski, Czech i Chorwacji. Spektrum zainteresowań Autorów, podobnie jak w poprzednim tomie, dotyczącym dziejów i współczesności prawa handlowego, jest bardzo szerokie. Prowadzone badania objęły prawo krajów europejskich, ale także Chin, Stanów Zjednoczonych

i antycznego Izraela. Różnorodności tematycznej towarzyszy niejednolita forma pisarska. Obok artykułów o gruntownej podbudowie źródłowej znajdują się teksty bliższe esejowi niż tradycyjnemu artykułowi z rozbudowanym aparatem krytycznym. Wielość tematów i form ich przekazywania, będąca oczywiście wyrazem indywidualności Autorów, może stanowić zachętę do sięgnięcia po książkę nie tylko dla wąskiej grupy specjalistów, ale także dla szerszego grona Czytelników pragnących pogłębić swoją wiedzę z zakresu dziejów prawa umów.

Od redakcji

Współczesne polskie prawo zobowiązań jest zawarte przede wszystkim w kodeksie cywilnym, będącym ustawą z 1964 r., wielokrotnie jednak nowelizowaną, zwłaszcza w ciągu ostatnich 20 lat, kiedy nastąpiła transformacja ustrojowa, porzucenie ustroju komunistycznego na rzecz powrotu do ustroju liberalno-demokratycznego i gospodarki rynkowej. Współczesne prawo zobowiązań opiera się na kilku fundamentalnych zasadach. Nie są to bynajmniej nowe zasady. Ich genezy można się doszukiwać w starożytności, przede wszystkim w prawie rzymskim. Dla Rzymian umowa (pactum, conventio) sama przez się zasadniczo nie wystarczała jednak do powstania zobowiązania w znaczeniu prawnym. Wystarczała tylko w wypadku kontraktów konsensualnych. Zasadą prawa rzymskiego było ex nudo pacto actio non nascitur. Tymczasem dzisiaj w prawie zobowiązaniowym obowiązuje reguła przeciwna. Jest nią zasada swobody umów i konsensualizm, co oznacza, że ex nudo pacto actio nascitur. Ta reguła stanowi wytwór prawników średniowiecznych, w szczególności kanonistów. Pokazując przeszłość w dziedzinie prawa, czynimy to dla lepszego zrozumienia prawa współczesnego.

Z wprowadzenia prof. Wacława Uruszczaka

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